Ephesus
Country: Turkey
Region: Middle East
Period: 129BCE-~ 3rd c.CE
Location: 37.941111°N, 27.341944°E
Description
Apasa, identified with later Ephesus in western Anatolia, was a major city in the Bronze Age Arzawa federation and later part of the Kingdom of Caria. It served as a key urban center in the Late Bronze Age, often interacting with the Hittite Empire. Known for its early settlement layers, Apasa was likely the capital of Arzawa and played a prominent role in regional politics and trade.
Modern Remains
The site of Apasa lies beneath the later Greco-Roman city of Ephesus in modern-day Turkey. Excavations have revealed Bronze Age layers, Mycenaean artifacts, and evidence of continuous habitation. While most visible ruins are from the classical period, ongoing archaeology continues to uncover elements of Apasa’s earlier history, enriching our understanding of western Anatolia’s Bronze Age heritage.