Itjtawy
Country: Egypt
Region: Africa
Period: ~ 1991-1786BCE
Location: 29.570278°N, 31.231111°E
Description
Itjtawy, meaning “Seizer of the Two Lands,” was the capital of Middle Kingdom Egypt, founded by Pharaoh Amenemhat I around 1975 BCE. Though often associated with native Egyptian rule, during the Second Intermediate Period, it likely fell under or bordered the influence of the Hyksos, a confederation of Asiatic rulers who took over parts of northern Egypt, including the Nile Delta.
Modern Remains
The exact site of Itjtawy remains undiscovered, though it is believed to be near el-Lisht, south of Cairo. Archaeological work in the area has uncovered Middle Kingdom pyramids and settlements, especially those linked to Amenemhat I and his successors. While no definitive ruins of the capital city have been found, ongoing research continues to offer insights into its layout, role, and possible fate during the turbulent Hyksos era.