Byblos (Jbeil)
Country: Lebanon
Region: Middle East
Period: 3rd millen.BCE
Location: 34.123611°N, 35.651944°E
Description
Byblos, located on the Mediterranean coast of present-day Lebanon, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. As a key city-state in ancient Phoenicia, Byblos was a vital maritime hub and a major center of trade, particularly in the export of timber, papyrus, and luxury goods. Its close connection with Egyptian civilization, as well as its role in spreading the Phoenician alphabet, solidified its historical importance.
Modern Remains
Today, Byblos is a UNESCO World Heritage site that preserves extensive archaeological remains from various periods, including the Phoenician, Roman, and Crusader eras. Notable remains include the ancient harbor, the ruins of temples, a Phoenician necropolis, and a well-preserved city wall. The Byblos Citadel, built during the Crusader period, stands atop the ancient city, offering a panoramic view of the Mediterranean. The city's modern town blends these ancient ruins with vibrant markets, making it a focal point for both tourists and scholars interested in Phoenician history.